Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is marked by increased intracranial pressure without any accompanying evidence of ...

Haemorrhagic cholecystitis is an uncommon cause of abdominal pain that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not promptly identified and treated. Known risk factors include trauma, ...

Locked-in syndrome (LIS) is a severe neurological condition characterised by tetraplegia and anarthria, with preserved consciousness and vertical eye movements. It often results from bilateral pontine ...

Teprotumumab (Tepezza), an insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor antagonist, was approved for treatment of thyroid eye disease in 2020. Teprotumumab is administered intravenously every 3 weeks ...

Pythiosis is caused due to a filamentous eukaryotic micro-organism called Pythium insidiosum and the disease occurs commonly in horses and cattle. Subcutaneous pythiosis infection in humans is rare ...

Vitamin C deficiency, historically known as scurvy, was associated with sailors in the Victorian times, however, a global review in 2020 suggests it still exists in certain at-risk groups. A case is ...

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A young woman with autism spectrum disorder was admitted to the hospital via the emergency care unit. On being admitted, she was improperly diagnosed with a psychotic disorder due to her erratic ...

Paget disease often presents as a rare asymptomatic lesion of the bone until it progresses into the advanced stages. A senile man was diagnosed with Paget disease of bone on routine dental ...

A thyroid storm (or thyroid crisis) is an emergency in endocrinology. It is a form of complication of hyperthyroidism that can be life-threatening. Inadequate control of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy ...

Rhabdomyolysis is characterised by muscle breakdown which causes myoglobin light chain release and can result in renal injury. While some of the most common causes of rhabdomyolysis are trauma related ...

Contributors The following authors were responsible for drafting of the text, sourcing and editing of clinical images, investigation results, drawing original diagrams and algorithms, and critical ...