In 2024, air temperatures and ocean temperatures once again reached record highs. According to climate researchers, ocean ...

There is always an element of naivete when attempting to extrapolate historical events from books that date back thousands of years. Three Wise Men, Macmillan Poster, 1960. But what exactly is the ...

A typical spadone weighed 5.7 lbs (2.6 kg) and had a length of up to 79 inches (200 cm). Spadone was used between the 15th and 17th centuries, most notably in the Swabian War (1499), Italian Wars ...

Sleds have been around for about 10,000 years, with the first records appearing in Arctic locations. The first sled with runners was invented to reduce friction, or unwanted scraping. The term “sled” ...

The guisarme was widely used in Europe as a defensive tool against bandits and wild animals and as an aggressive weapon in times of war. The French word “guisarme”, which was borrowed into English, ...

If a doctor “treats the abscess in a nobleman’s eye but causes the loss of the eye,” he would lose his hand. A handful of Egyptian documents describe medicines made from beans, leeks, figs, dates, and ...

Historically associated with displeasured overtones, the image of giantesses in popular culture has evolved to reflect shifting cultural views on women's assertiveness. The name “Gigantes” is used to ...

A wheeled bull figurine from 3950–3650 BC was discovered in Europe, and it is the oldest identified object that has a wheel. The origin and invention of the wheel can be traced back to our natural ...

Mictecacihuatl is meant to keep vigil over the remains of the dead. The Aztecs celebrated festivities in her honor and she was given the name "Lady of Death." A drawing of Mictecacihuatl, one of the ...

Perilaus constructed a hollow bronze bull and confined the offenders within before heating the brazen bull to a red-hot temperature. This engraving by Hans Burgkmair ((473–1531) depicts the use of ...